SHREE SIDDHIVINAYAK DIVYANG PUNARVASAN
SHIKSHAN SANTHA, NASHIK
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual Disability (I.D.), generally known as ID, refers to substantial limitations in present functioning.
It begins before the age of 18 and is characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning, existing together with related limitations in adaptive skills.
Intellectual Disability (formerly known as mental retardation) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by:
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Below-average intellectual functioning (IQ ≤ 70)
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Deficits in adaptive behavior (social, conceptual, practical skills)
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Onset before age 18
It affects a person's ability to reason, learn, solve problems, and live independently.
These affect mental functioning and adaptive behavior (learning, communication, and daily skills).
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Intellectual Disability (ID) / Mental Retardation
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Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) – Difficulty in reading, writing, or math
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – Challenges in communication, social skills, and behavior
These involve problems with body movement or physical coordination.
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Locomotor Disability – Difficulty in movement (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations)
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Leprosy-Cured Persons – Loss of sensation and deformities due to leprosy
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Cerebral Palsy (CP) – Muscle control and posture affected due to brain damage
These affect one or more senses such as hearing or vision.
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Blindness – Complete loss of vision
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Low Vision – Partial sight; can use assistive devices
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Hearing Impairment (Deafness) – Loss of hearing in one or both ears
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Speech and Language Disability – Difficulty in speaking or communicating
These affect emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
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Mental Illness – Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.
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Chronic Neurological Conditions – Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis
Long-term health conditions that may limit daily functioning.
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Hemophilia – Blood doesn’t clot properly
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Thalassemia – Genetic blood disorder
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Sickle Cell Disease – Red blood cells become sickle-shaped and block flow
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When a person has two or more disabilities together, such as intellectual disability with blindness or cerebral palsy with hearing loss.
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Example: Multiple Disabilities including Deafblindness.
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To provide equal opportunities for education and employment
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To promote independence and inclusion
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To ensure accessibility in public spaces and transport
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To protect dignity and human rights of every person